مجله پژوهش های اعتقادی کلامی
پیاپی 8 (زمستان 1391)

So far some research and studies have been done on the history of Imam Hussein’s (AS) lamentation entry to Persian poetry, and they have considered the fourth century as the starting point of this entry. Mean while, these studies have mentioned the cause of poets’ eulogy and lamentation about the Holy Household (AS) were the Household’s comments and encouragement. They have stated the reasons for the delay of Imam Hussein’s (AS) lamentation entry to Persian poetry until the fourth century as: the oppression of the cruel rulers of the time, the elimination of Persian Shiites’ poetry, or the negligence of Persian Shiites’ poets. In this study each of these reasons is reviewed and rejected based on some historical documents and Persian literature history. In addition, the main reason for the absence of Imam Hussein’ (AS) Persian lamentation until the fourth century is explained according to historical information and the views of Persian literature experts. The real and more reasonable reason for the enthusiasm of poets to compose poems about Imam Hussein (AS) and the Holy Household (AS) in more recent periods is presented.

In Shiism, Imam is a successor of prophet Mohammad (upon whom be peace) in both secular and perpetual world's affairs.And except for the revelation, Imam has the same powers as holy prophet.Since the last Imam is behind the absence curtain (is hidden from public vie),the question is raised that how imamate continues in occultation. And what kind of powers does he have?In this article this conclusionis taken that imamate is continued by comprehensively equippedcanonists, something which is rarely opposed. However, there aredifferent opinions on canonist's powers.This article isproblem-based and is processed analytically, and in data collecting alibrary -research method along with note-taking instrument is used.

Nowadays, systematic management is a new phenomenon, and plays an important role in the material and spiritual development of countries, especially if the systematic model is derived from the traditions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). In this study the systematic management of Prophet has been discussed. The main objective of this study is to investigate the role of the systematic management model of Prophet, and to determine the systematic parameters compared with the modern management through the historical and library method. After data collection, the contents has been discussed qualitatively, and the results indicate that the systematic management of Prophet has significant impact on the establishment of a unified, justice-oriented, efficient, flexible, and discipline-oriented society.

The idea of Pantheism indicates that there is unity, but it is not of the numerical and material unity. The unity of beings is due to the absolute unity that is the fact and essence of everything. The fact is nothing other than the unity, and existence is no more than a fact. The truth is the person who is manifested and emerged with different degrees in the world. This issue is one of the most important sources of Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari’s thoughts in his outstanding work, the Secret Garden. Shabestari attempts to introduce concepts in new ways. For example, he believes " Ana al-Haqq " is not unusual for a mystic like Hallaj. Even in his view, this is not unusual in the early stages of creation. Enter the secure place in which a tree suddenly tells you “I am God”. This is permitted because of good fortune. This study has found and introduced the latent pantheistic ideas in all fifteen or seventeen questions which were answered by Sheikh Shabestari.

Discussing and struggle for recognizing the humankind's existence always has been subject which occupied the elite's mind to itself. Approximately all various schools have different definition and idea about humanity and everybody have specific analysis by personal speculation. This article tries to search the Bhagvad Gita's view on humanity of mankind and deliver the accurate comparing with Moslems mystical terms. Bhagvad Gita is one of fascinating and deep masterpieces of Indian-mystical artistic work which has been written in Sanskrit language. Creation of humankind، relationship between man and God، men's chain of command،Competently man، the way to God، relationship between spirit an physical aspect of life, incarnation and chain of being have been discussed in Bhagvad Gita so that can be reconciled with Moslems viewpoint in the poetry and prose works. It is obvious that، there is deferential aspects which will be discussed by attention to Gita and Moslem's work.

In the studies between religions, the intercession of punishment and salvation are the common issues in the books of major divine religions. This means that those who commit sin will be forgiven from God punishment by the intercessor. This issue is mentioned in the Jewish Bible, for example in the book of Isaiah (chapters 53, items12), the New Testament, Romans (Chapter 5, item 15), and the Holy Quran, Sura Anbiya (verse 28). The intercession of punishment in the Old Testament is attributed to the mercy of God (Numbers, chapter 14), and in the Quran to His being clement (Zmr / 53 and Anbiya / 107), merciful (Taha /109 and Maryam / 87), and forgiving (Zmr / 53). But the interpretation of intercession, the quality of the intercessor’s practice and its effect (independent or dependent) on the penalties, the relationship between intercession and monotheism, violation of God's will, rudeness of the guilty, divine justice, and the messages of this issue have not been explained well. In this study, different interpretations of the subject and the related issues have been explained from the viewpoints of religions.

One of the pervasive divine traditions is the issue of intercession which according to the Quran and narrations, intercessors and intermediaries between God and the people are definitely true, and the prophets and saints of God are the joint between people and God who due to their closeness to God and their position and dignity, not only in the world but also in the hereafter intercede and help people with His permission. Therefore, the principle that the prophets and saints are as intercessors on the Day of Judgment is in accordance with all Islamic religions. But Muhammad Rashid Reza in Almenar interpretation, following Ibn Taymiyyah and Wahhabism, considers seeking the intercession of the saints of God forbidden and as idolatrous practice, and denies the principle of intercession in the Quran. In contrast, Allameh Tabatabaei in Almyzan interpretation contradicts his views and proves intercession from the perspective of the Quran and narrations. This article expresses the concept, nature and scope of intercession in the monotheistic system. It also discusses the views of Rashid Reza and Allameh Tabatabaei about intercession reflected in Almenar and Almyzan interpretations. Finally, there is an overview and conclusion of the issue.